Castle Bank Lagerstätte (Ordovician of the United Kingdom)

Also known as Builth–Llandrindod Inlier

Where: Wales, United Kingdom (52.2° N, 3.4° W: paleocoordinates 58.7° S, 18.8° W)

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Didymograptus murchisoni graptolite zone, Gilwern Volcanic Formation (Builth Volcanic Group), Darriwilian (467.3 - 458.4 Ma)

• "upper part of the Gilwern Volcanic Formation and is unambiguously dated by means of abundant graptolites, including Didymograptus murchisoni (Fig. 1c) and Diplograptus foliaceus to the Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) Didymograptus murchisoni Biozone and lithostratigraphically to the upper part of that biozone (about 462 million years ago)"

•(Ma); ref. 22)"

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fine channel fill; micaceous, volcaniclastic siltstone and tuffaceous ash

• "volcanic island complex within the Welsh Basin"
• "The upper part of the Gilwern Volcanic Formation is composed largely of graptolitic siltstone, interbedded with volcanic ash laminae and thicker tuff beds. At the Castle Bank site, a 10 m sequence is composed largely of siltstone with substantial volcanic deposits, including isolated ash laminae, and is capped by a complex tuffaceous interval at least 2 m thick"

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: adpression, soft parts, original carbon, replaced with pyrite

Collected by J. Botting and L. Muir in 2013-2020

Collection methods: bulk, quarrying,

• "Figured material has been deposited in Amgueddfa Cymru—Museum Wales, Cardiff, UK (prefix NMW) and the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Nanjing, China (prefix NIGP), with SCF microfossils deposited in the Museum of Evolution, Uppsala, Sweden (prefix PMU)." "Sampling consists of field collection performed by splitting rocks by hand (using standard geological hammers), with only the most abundant taxa not collected." Acid dissolution for SCFs.

Primary reference: J.P. Botting, L.A. Muir, S. Pates, L.M.E. McCobb, E. Wallet, S. Willman, Y. Zhang and J. Ma. 2023. A Middle Ordovician Burgess Shale-type fauna from Castle Bank, Wales (UK). Nature Ecology & Evolution 7:666-674 [P. Novack-Gottshall/P. Novack-Gottshall]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taphonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 230215: authorized by Phil Novack-Gottshall, entered by Phil Novack-Gottshall on 24.05.2023

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Ulvophyceae
 Bryopsidales -
? Inocladus sp. LoDuca et al. 2021
"Inocladus-like frondose alga"
 Life -
Filisphaeridium sp. Staplin et al. 1965 acritarchs
Leiosphaeridia sp. Eisenack 1958
Scyphozoa
 Conulariida -
Conulariida indet. Miller and Gurley 1896 jellyfish
"Conulariid-like"
 Conulariida - Conulariidae
Hexactinellida
  -
Hexactinellida "NMW.2021.3 G.35" Schmidt 1870 glass sponge
"Euplectellid-like"
Hexactinellida "NMW.2021.3 G.36" Schmidt 1870 glass sponge
"complex conico-cylindrical hexactinellid"
Hexactinellida "NMW.2021.3 G.40" Schmidt 1870 glass sponge
"complex hexactinellid"
 Lyssacinosa - Rossellidae
Rossellidae "NIGP175889" Gray 1872 glass sponge
"tall cylindrical hexactinellid with hypodermal pentactins and rossellid-like architecture"
Rossellidae "NMW.2021.3 G.39ii" Gray 1872 glass sponge
"relatively large rossellid-like sponge with abundant prostalia"
 Reticulosa - Hintzespongiidae
Cyathophycus sp. Walcott 1879 glass sponge
 Reticulosa - Teganiidae
Teganiella sp. Rigby 1986 glass sponge
 Amphidiscosa - Pelicaspongiidae
aff. Ascospongiella "NMW.2021.3 G.37" Garcia-Bellido and Rigby 2004 glass sponge
"stalked ascosponge (new genus)"
aff. Ascospongiella "NMW.2021.3 G.39i" Garcia-Bellido and Rigby 2004 glass sponge
"small conical ascosponge"
Demospongiae
 Chaetetida -
Chaetetida indet. Okulitch 1936 chaetetid sponge
"probable chaetetid"
Sachitida
 Sachitida -
Sachitida "PMU 39350/1"
"striped cuticular fragment possibly sourced from a wiwaxiid sclerite"
Polychaeta
  -
Polychaeta "PMU 39390/1" Grube 1850
"scolecodont"
Sphenothallus sp. Hall 1847
"multiple species"
Bryozoa
 Fenestellida -
Fenestellida indet.
"attached to poorly preserved orthocone nautiloid"
Lingulata
 Acrotretida -
 Lingulida - Trematidae
 Lingulida - Elkaniidae
 Lingulida - Obolidae
unclassified
  -
Sipuncula "(NMW.2021.3 G.84"
"Probable sipunculan worm"
 Bilateria - Opabiniidae
aff. Opabinia sp. Walcott 1912
"Opabiniid-like"
unclassified
  -
Arthropoda indet. Latreille 1829
"bivalved arthropod with robust frontal appendages, tail fan and posteriorly spined carapace"
Megacheira
  -
aff. Megacheira "NMW.2021.3 G.83" Hou and Bergström 1997
"possible megacheiran with similarities to Yohoia"
Xiphosura
  -
Xiphosura indet. Latreille 1802
"stem-group xiphosuran"
Deuteropoda
  -
Cephalocarida indet. Sanders 1955
"cephalocarid-like"
Thecostraca
 Cirripedia -
Cirripedia indet. Rafinesque 1816 barnacle
"stalked barnacles"
Trilobita
 Asaphida - Asaphidae
Hexapoda
 Hexapoda -
Hexapoda indet. Latreille 1825
"hexapod-like"
unclassified
  -
Priapulida "NMW.2021.3 G.97" Théel 1906
"probable priapulid"
Archaeopriapulida
 Archaeopriapulida -
Palaeoscolecida
  -
Palaeoscolecida "NMW.2021.3 G.89" Conway-Morris and Robison 1986
 Bilateria -
Kinorhyncha "NMW.2021.3 G.69"
"assigned to kinorhunchs"
aff. Herpetogaster "NMW.2021.3 G.44" Caron et al. 2010
"resembling ... Herpetogaster"
Pterobranchia
 Graptolithina -
Graptolithina "NMW.2021.3 G.43" Bronn 1849 graptolite
multi-branched benthic graptolite"
 Dendroidea - Acanthograptidae
Dictyonema sp. Hall 1851 graptolite
 Graptoloidea - Diplograptidae
 Graptoloidea - Dichograptidae
Didymograptus murchisoni Beck 1839 graptolite
unclassified
  -
Asterozoa indet.
"at least two species of asterozoan"
Soluta
 Dendrocystitida - Dendrocystitidae
? Dendrocystites sp. Barrande 1887
"Dendrocystites-like"
Conodonta
  -
Chitinozoa
 Chitinozoa -